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Acute-on-chronic liver failure has complex conditions， rapid progression， and a high mortality rate， and further studies are still needed to clarify its pathogenesis and etiology. The establishment of animal models for acute-on-chronic liver failure can not only provide a good basis for exploring the pathogenesis of acute-on-chronic liver failure， but also provide an experimental basis for clinical treatment. Through a literature review， this article summarizes the methods commonly used to establish the animal models of acute-on-chronic liver failure， including carbon tetrachloride combined with LPS/GaIN， thioacetamide combined with LPS， serum albumin， and bile duct ligation. This article analyzes the characteristics of various animal models， so as to provide documentary and experimental bases for further exploration of more ideal animal models.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） co-cultured with bone marrow-derived M2 macrophages （M2-BMDMs）， named as BMSCM2， on a rat model of liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCl4）/2-acetaminofluorene （2-AAF）. MethodsRat BMDMs were isolated and polarized into M2 phenotype， and rat BMSCs were isolated and co-cultured with M2-BMDMs at the third generation to obtain BMSCM2. The rats were given subcutaneous injection of CCl4 for 6 weeks to establish a model of liver cirrhosis， and then they were randomly divided into model group （M group）， BMSC group， and BMSCM2 group， with 6 rats in each group. A normal group （N group） with 6 rats was also established. Since week 7， the model rats were given 2-AAF by gavage in addition to the subcutaneous injection of CCl4. Samples were collected at the end of week 10 to observe liver function， liver histopathology， and hydroxyproline （Hyp） content in liver tissue， as well as changes in the markers for hepatic stellate cells， hepatic progenitor cells， cholangiocytes， and hepatocytes. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the N group， the M group had significant increases in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） （P<0.01）； compared with the M group， the BMSC and BMSCM2 groups had significant reductions in ALT and AST （P<0.01）， and the BMSCM2 group had significantly better activities than the BMSC group （P<0.05）. Compared with the N group， the M group had significant increases in Hyp content and the mRNA and protein expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） in the liver （P<0.01）； compared with the M group， the BMSC and BMSCM2 groups had significant reductions in Hyp content and the expression of α-SMA （P<0.05）， and the BMSCM2 group had a significantly lower level of α-SMA than the BMSC group （P<0.01）. Compared with the N group， the M group had significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of the hepatic progenitor cell markers EpCam and Sox9 and the cholangiocyte markers CK7 and CK19 （P<0.01） and significant reductions in the expression levels of the hepatocyte markers HNF-4α and Alb （P<0.01）； compared with the M group， the BMSC and BMSCM2 groups had significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels of EpCam， Sox9， CK7， and CK19 （P<0.05） and significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of HNF-4α and Alb （P<0.05）， and compared with the BMSC group， the BMSCM2 group had significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels of EpCam and CK19 （P<0.05） and significant increase in the expression level of HNF-4α （P<0.05）. ConclusionM2-BMDMs can enhance the therapeutic effect of BMSCs on CCl4/2-AAF-induced liver cirrhosis in rats， which provides new ideas for further improving the therapeutic effect of BMSCs on liver cirrhosis.
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ObjectiveTo observe the effects of the South African herb Hoodia gordonii （HG） on glucolipid metabolism in diabetic db/db mice and explore the possible mechanisms of HG on the liver of db/db mice based on the phosphoinositide-3 kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/factor forkhead protein O1 （FoxO1） signaling pathway. MethodA total of 30 db/db mice were randomly divided into five groups according to fasting blood glucose： model group， metformin group （0.195 g·kg-1）， and low dose （0.39 g·kg-1）， medium dose （0.78 g·kg-1）， and high dose （1.56 g·kg-1） HG groups， with six m/m mice in each group， and another six m/m mice were set as normal group. The mice in the normal and model groups were given saline of 9 mL·kg-1 by gavage. Body weight， water intake， and fasting blood glucose of the mice in each group were measured weekly. After six weeks of continuous administration， serum insulin （FINS）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， urea， and creatinine （CREA） were measured， and liver sections were embedded and stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE）， periodic acid-Schiff （PAS）， and oil red O. Protein expression of PI3K p85， p-Akt， and p-FoxO1 in liver was detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of PI3K， Akt， and FoxO1 in liver tissue was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultAfter six weeks of administration intervention， it was found that fasting blood glucose was significantly downregulated in mice in the three HG groups （P<0.05）. The level of islet resistance index was significantly reduced in both the low and medium dose HG groups （P<0.05）. The expression levels of TC， TG， and LDL were reduced in all HG groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Pathologically， HG could alleviate hepatocyte steatosis， reduce the volume and content of lipid droplets in liver， and increase the distribution of glycogen granules in liver to some extent in mice. Immunohistochemical assays revealed that PI3K p85 protein expression was significantly increased in the low， medium， and high dose HG groups compared with the model group （P<0.01）. p-Akt protein expression was significantly increased in the medium and high dose HG groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. p-FoxO1 protein expression was significantly increased in the low， medium， and high dose HG groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， PI3K mRNA was increased in low dose， medium dose， and high dose HG groups （P<0.05）， and Akt mRNA was increased in high dose HG group （P<0.05）. FoxO1 mRNA was decreased in low dose， medium dose， and high dose HG groups （P<0.05）. ConclusionHG can ameliorate the disorder of glucolipid metabolism in db/db mice， which may be related to its activation of the hepatic PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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The purpose of this study was to clone and characterize the ZFP36L1 (zinc finger protein 36-like 1) gene, clarify its expression characteristics, and elucidate its expression patterns in different tissues of goats. Samples of 15 tissues from Jianzhou big-eared goats, including heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney were collected. Goat ZFP36L1 gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), then the gene and protein sequence were analyzed by online tools. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the expression level of ZFP36L1 in intramuscular preadipocytes in different tissues and adipocytes of goat at different differentiation stages. The results showed that the length of ZFR36L1 gene was 1 224 bp, and the coding sequence (CDS) region was 1 017 bp, encoding 338 amino acids, which was a non-secretory unstable protein mainly located in nucleus and cytoplasm. Tissue expression profile showed that ZFP36L1 gene was expressed in all selected tissues. In visceral tissues, the small intestine showed the highest expression level (P < 0.01). In muscle tissue, the highest expression level was presented in longissimus dorsi muscle (P < 0.01), whereas the expression level in subcutaneous adipose tissue was significantly higher than that in other tissues (P < 0.01). The results of induced differentiation showed that the expression of this gene was up-regulated during adipogenic differentiation of intramuscular precursor adipocytes (P < 0.01). These data may help to clarify the biological function of the ZFP36L1 gene in goat.
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Animals , Goats/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Liver , Cloning, MolecularABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the application of diagnostic criteria for common occupational radiation-induced diseases to radiation workers, in order to provide a basis for the revision, publicity and standardization of the standards.Methods:Radiation workers were selected from 1 city, 7 provinces and 1 corporation by using cluster random sampling method from January 2021 to May 2021. Awareness of the criteria and the effects of ionizing radiation, and the suggestions for diagnostic works were investigated and analyzed.Results:A total of 2 839 radiation workers were investigated. There were differences in the awareness of different diagnostic criteria, the inclusions in complex diagnostic criteria, the materials required for applying for diagnosis, and the ways of knowing the diagnostic criteria( χ2=416.06, 2 924.14, 83.45, 895.67, 815.94, P<0.001). The correct understanding rates of deterministic effects and stochastic effects were 80.63% and 43.64%, respectively. The acceptance rates in applicable materials were 96.79% for occupational exposure history, 94.72% for occupational health monitoring records and 93.55% for individual monitoring of occupational exposure, respectively. Pre-employment training rate was 80.20%, on-job training rate was 81.19%, and untrained rate was 3.77%. The suggestions to the diagnosis of occupational radiation-induced diseases are to strengthen training, pay attention to individual monitoring, occupational health examination, and strengthen health supervision and law enforcement. Conclusions:Radiation workers have a low awareness rate of certain diagnostic standards and a high awareness rate of diagnostic procedures. Publicity and training of health effects of ionizing radiation and diagnostic criteria of occupational radiation-induced diseases should be strengthened. Diagnostic procedure should be optimized.
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Objective:To explore the vascularity index of joints synovial quantitatively evaluate activity degree of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:From January to April 2022, 102 cases of RA patients in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital were conducted ultrasound examination of 28 joints including the bilateral metacarpophalangeal joints (1-5), 1st interphalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints (2-5), wrist joints, elbow joints, shoulder joints and knee joints. Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) was used to visualize and calculate the vascularity index (VI) in the hyperplastic synovium. Summary Vascularity index (VIsum) was calculated by adding the VI of 28 joints. Standard vascularity index (VIstand) was obtained by dividing VIsum by the number of positive joints. The mean vascular index (VImean) was obtained by dividing the VIsum by 28, which is the number of joints examined. The disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) was calculated, including DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR. Serological results related to RA were collected. The correlation between VIsum, VIstand, VImean and the above data were analyzed respectively. DAS28-ESR and DAS28-CRP stages were used as the criteria, receiver operating curve (ROC) was used, to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy, sensitivity and specificity of VI parameters in assessing RA activity.Results:VIsum, VIstand and VImean were positively correlated with DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, ESR and CRP. The r values of VIsum and DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, ESR and CRP were 0.703, 0.728, 0.467 and 0.529, respectively. The r values of VIstand and DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, ESR and CRP were 0.665, 0.705, 0.538 and 0.605, respectively. The r values of VImean and DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, ESR and CRP were 0.677, 0.690, 0.441 and 0.501, respectively (all P<0.01). Using DAS28-ESR as grouping standard, the area of ROC curve(AUC) of VIsum, VIstand, and VImean were 0.815, 0.816 and 0.814, respectively. With the cut-off value of VIstand being 12.83, the specificity and sensitivity of VIstand diagnosis were 0.882 and 0.676, respectively. Using DAS28-CRP as grouping standard, the AUC of VIsum, VIstand, and VImean were 0.812, 0.878 and 0.811, respectively. With the cut-off value of VIstand being 13.97, the specificity and sensitivity of VIstand diagnosis were 0.997 and 0.710, respectively. Conclusions:Synovitis VI can objectively evaluate the degree of synovitis activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Synovial VI has high diagnostic efficacy for the activity of RA patients.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical value of the modified lateral approach to the shoulder for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures.Methods:A total of 64 patients with proximal humeral fractures who received treatment in Zhoushan Branch, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from May 2018 to May 2022 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into observation and control groups ( n = 32/group). The observation group was treated using a modified lateral approach to the shoulder. The control group was treated using the anteromedial approach to the shoulder. Perioperative indexes (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, hospital stay, and incision length) were compared between the two groups. Before surgery, 1 week and 3 months after surgery, the visual analogue scale score and the Constant-Murley shoulder assessment score were compared between the two groups. Before surgery and 3 months after surgery, the shoulder range of motion was compared between the two groups. The incidence of complications was also compared between the two groups. Results:The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, hospital stay, and incision length in the observation group were shorter or lower than those in the control group ( t = 7.42, 26.85, 10.90, 2.73, 10.59, all P < 0.05). At 1 week and 3 months after surgery, the visual analogue scale score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t = 5.80, 6.06, both P < 0.001). At 1 week and 3 months after surgery, the Constant-Murley shoulder assessment score in the observation group was (62.96 ± 12.05) points and (74.96 ± 14.52) points, respectively, which were significantly higher than (56.74 ± 9.62) points and (67.88 ± 12.25) points in the control group ( t = 2.28, 2.10, both P < 0.05). After surgery, the range of motion of the shoulder joint in the observation group was greater than that in the control group, including forward flexion, backward extension, external rotation, and internal rotation ( t = 2.54, 3.19, 2.40, 4.00, all P < 0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 6.25% (2/32), which was significantly lower than 28.13% (9/32) in the control group ( χ2 = 5.39, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The modified lateral approach to the shoulder has a marked effect on proximal humeral fractures. The approach can improve shoulder function, shorten operation time, and decrease the incidence of complications.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of intravenous thrombolysis combined with Xingnaojing injection on hemodynamic indexes and neurological function in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods:A total of 142 patients with cerebral infarction who were treated in Xing An Meng Hospital from April 2020 to May 2021 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into a control group ( n = 71, intravenous thrombolysis) and a Xingnaojing injection group ( n = 71, intravenous thrombolysis + Xingnaojing injection). Intracranial arterial hemodynamic indexes, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale score, serum inflammatory factors, oxidative stress indexes, brain injury markers, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:After treatment, serum levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly lower in the Xingnaojing injection group than the control group [interleukin-1β: (4.05 ± 0.83) ng/L vs. (6.85 ± 1.02) ng/L, interleukin-6: (43.61 ± 5.14) ng/L vs. (60.31 ± 7.04) ng/L, tumor necrosis factor-α: (35.93 ± 4.25) ng/L vs. (20.93 ± 3.11) ng/L, t = 17.94, 16.14, 15.37, all P < 0.001]. After treatment, the mean blood flow velocities of the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery in the Xingnaojing injection group were significantly higher than those in the control group [anterior cerebral artery: (49.36 ± 5.28) cm/s vs. (41.15 ± 5.12) cm/s, middle cerebral artery: (61.27 ± 7.02) cm/s vs. (50.19 ± 6.08) cm/s, posterior cerebral artery: (44.92 ± 5.63) cm/s vs. (37.26 ± 4.93) cm/s, t = 9.40, 10.05, 8.62, all P < 0.001]. After treatment, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale score in the Xingnaojing injection group were superior to those in the control group [National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score: (10.36 ± 1.52) points vs. (14.62 ± 2.05) points, Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale score: (76.19 ± 8.08) points vs. (65.28 ± 7.14) points, t = 14.06, 8.52, both P < 0.05]. After treatment, the serum level of malondialdehyde in the Xingnaojing injection group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(6.35 ± 1.02) μmol/L vs. (10.05 ± 1.63) μmol/L), t = 16.21, P < 0.001]. The serum level of superoxide dismutase in the Xingnaojing injection group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(114.31 ± 13.69) U/L vs. (92.25 ± 10.16) U/L), t = 10.90, P < 0.001]. Serum levels of neuron-specific enolase and S100β in the Xingnaojing injection group were significantly lower than those in the control group [neuron-specific enolase: (24.01 ± 3.24) IU/L vs. (30.31 ± 4.02) IU/L, S100β: (0.73 ± 0.17) ng/L vs. (1.13 ± 0.22) ng/L, t = 10.28, 12.12, both P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Intravenous thrombolysis combined with Xingnaojing injection for the treatment of cerebral infarction can improve intracranial hemodynamics, reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and alleviate brain tissue injury. The combined therapy is beneficial to protect the neurological function of patients with cerebral infarction and is highly safe.
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【Objective】 To construct a blood transfusion prediction model for patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), in order to predict the risk of blood transfusion and guide blood transfusion decision-making. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 756 patients with severe TBI admitted to the hospital from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether the patients were transfused with red blood cells after admission, the patients were divided into blood transfusion group (n=354) and non-blood transfusion group (n=402). The basic clinical data and prognostic indicators of the two groups were compared. Logistic regression algorithm was used to screen the risk factors related to blood transfusion in hospital to establish a nomogram prediction model, and the performance of the model was evaluated. 【Results】 No significant differences were noticed in gender, age, body temperature, cause of injury, ABO blood group, Rh blood group, serum Na and K concentrations between the two groups (P>0.05). Significant differences were found in Glasgow coma score (GCS), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SP), diastolic blood pressure (DP), shock index (SI), respiratory rate (RR), clinical diagnosis, treatment, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), platelet count (Plt) and coagulation function between the two groups (P0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that surgical treatment, skull fracture, hemorrhagic shock, decreased Plt, decreased Hct and increased INR were independent risk factors for blood transfusion. A nomogram prediction model was constructed and the area under the ROC curve of the training set and the test set was 0.819(95% CI: 0.784-0.854) and 0.866(95% CI: 0.818-0.910), respectively, which had good predictive performance. 【Conclusion】 Surgical treatment, skull fracture, hemorrhagic shock, decreased Plt, decreased Hct and increased INR are independent risk factors for blood transfusion in adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury. The nomogram prediction model can better predict the blood transfusion demand of TBI patients and has high application value.
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Blood stasis syndrome is one of the core clinical syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the biological connotation of this syndrome is not clear, and there is a lack of disease improved animal models that match the characteristics of this disease and syndrome. The aim of this study was to screen the candidate biomarker gene set of blood stasis syndrome of RA, reveal the biological connotation of this syndrome, and explore and evaluate the preparation method of the improved animal model based on the characteristics of "disease-syndrome-symptom". The study was approved by the ethics committee of Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 2019-073-KY-01) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. TYLL2021[K]018), and the study subjects gave their informed consent. Animal welfare and experimental procedures followed the regulations of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. IBTCMCACMS21-2207-01). The whole blood samples were collected clinically from RA patients with blood stasis syndrome (3 cases) or other syndromes (7 types, 3 cases/type), and healthy volunteers (4 cases), and then transcriptome sequencing, KEGG, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis were performed. 126 pivotal genes were screened, and their functional annotation results were significantly enriched in "immune-inflammation" related pathways and lipid metabolism regulation (sphingolipids, ether lipid metabolism and steroid biosynthesis). Syndrome-symptom mapping of hub gene set to the TCM primary and secondary symptoms, Western phenotypic symptoms and pathological links showed that joint tingling, abnormal joint morphology, petechiae and abnormal blood circulation are representative of blood stasis syndrome of RA. The results of the improved animal model showed that the rats in the collagen-induced arthritis + adrenaline hydrochloride (CIA+Adr) 3 model group had increased blood rheology, coagulation, platelet function and endothelial function abnormalities compared with the CIA-alone model group, suggesting that the rats with blood stasis syndrome of RA may be in a state of "blood stasis". The results of the study can help to advance the objective study of the evidence of blood stasis syndrome in RA, and provide new ideas for the establishment of an animal model that reflects the clinical characteristics of the disease and syndrome.
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Total flavonoids of Dracocephalum moldavica L. (TFDM) is an effective component extracted and isolated from the traditional Uighur medicinal herb Cymbidium fragrans. Cymbidium fragrans has the effects of tonifying the heart and brain, promoting blood circulation and resolving blood stasis, and has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for a long time. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of total flavonoids from Cymbidium fragrans on hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) injury in H9c2 (rat cardiomyocytes) cells and its mechanism. A model (H/R) of hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury in H9c2 cells was established using hypoxia and glucose deprivation for 9 h combined with re-oxygenation and rehydration for 2 h to simulate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The effects of total flavonoids from Cymbidium fragrans on cell viability, markers of myocardial cell damage, oxidative stress levels, and reactive oxygen radical (ROS) content were investigated, Western blot was used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway related proteins. The results showed that the total flavonoids of Cymbidium fragrans significantly increased the viability of myocardial cells after H/R injury, and decreased the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isozyme (CK-MB) in the cell supernatant. It significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and decreased intracellular ROS and nitric oxide (NO) content. Western blot analysis showed that the total flavonoids of Cymbidium fragrans decreased Bax levels in H9c2 cells damaged by H/R and increased Bcl-2 expression. Total flavones of Cymbidium fragrans upregulate VEGF-B/AMPK pathway related proteins VEGF-B, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein (p-AMPK) and phospho mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-MTOR) levels. The above research results indicate that the total flavonoids of Cymbidium can significantly reduce the H/R injury of myocardial cells, which may be related to the upregulation of VEGF-B/AMPK pathway and inhibition of oxidative stress response.
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OBJECTIVE To analyze the patterns and characteristics of drug-related administrative penalty cases with medical institutions as parties from 2020 to 2022 in order to further improve drug management in medical institutions. METHODS A retrospective statistical analysis was used to summarize the drug-related administrative penalty decisions with medical institutions as parties， and to match them with the provisions of the Drug Administration Law （2019 version） for statistical analysis. RESULTS There were 144 complete administrative penalty decisions with medical institutions as parties. Analyzed by cause， 126 cases of administrative punishment for inferior drugs accounted for 87.50%， of which expired drugs accounted for more than 50.00% of the inferior drug cases； 15 cases （10.42%） were for purchasing drugs from enterprises or individuals not qualified to operate drugs. Analyzed by the range of punishment amount of the cases， 34 cases （23.61%） resulted in lighter penalties， while 81 cases （56.25%） resulted in reduced penalties. CONCLUSIONS There are extremely few medical institutions that have received administrative penalties for drug management violations. Medical institutions should strengthen the awareness of law-abiding， and know the red line of drug management and the illegal behavior that is easy to occur， so as to better strengthen drug quality management.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Buyang Huanwutang （BYWHT） on reducing inflammatory injury and improving neurological function after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats via activating the adiponectin （APN） pathway. MethodMale SD rats were randomized into sham， model， BYHWT （16 g·kg-1， twice a day）， and BYHWT + APN inhibitor （GW9662） groups. In the sham group， blood vessels were isolated. The rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） was established. The rats in the BYHWT+GW9662 group was treated with subcutaneous injection of GW9662 at 4 m·kg-1 30 min before MCAO surgery and BYHWT at 16 g·kg-1 by gavage after MCAO surgery， once in the morning and once in the evening. The immunofluorescence （IF） assay was employed to observe the expression of adiponectin receptor 1 （AdipoR1） and the colocalization of AdipoR1 with neuronal nuclei （NeuN） and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 （Iba1） in the brain. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to detect the expression of APN in the serum and brain. The balance beam test was carried out to examine the balance ability， and the grasping test to assess the recovery of limb strength. The immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression of myeloperoxidase （MPO）. Western blot was employed to determine the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， interleukin （IL）-1β， IL-6， and IL-10 and in the brain. ResultCompared with the sham group， the modeling promoted the expression of AdipoR1 （P<0.01）， lowered the APN levels in the serum and brain （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased the score in the balance beam test （P<0.01）， and decreased the grasping strength of forepaw （P<0.01）， which were accompanied with increased MPO， TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 levels （P<0.01） and decreased IL-10 level （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， BYHWT promoted the expression of AdipoR1 （P<0.01）， elevated APN levels in the serum and brain （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and increased the grasping strength of forepaw （P<0.01）， which were accompanied with lowered MPO， TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 levels （P<0.01） and elevated IL-10 level （P<0.01）. All the above effects were partially blocked by GW9662. ConclusionBYHWT can reduce inflammatory injury and improve neurological function in the rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by activating the APN pathway.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Yiyi Fuzi Baijiangsan （YYFZBJ） on the apoptosis of colon cancer cell line HCT116. MethodYYFZBJ at different concentrations （0.5， 1， 2， 4， 6， 8， 10， 12， 14， 16 g·L-1） was used to intervene in HCT116 cells for 24， 48， 72 h. The cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method was used to determine the effect of YYFZBJ on cell proliferation in vitro. The cells were divided into a blank group， a capecitabine group（1.8 g·L-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose YYFZBJ groups （6， 10， and 14 g·L-1） and treated for 48 hours. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis. Hoechst 33342 staining was used to observe the apoptotic morphology of cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） was analyzed by a mitochondrial-targeted deep-red fluorescent probe （Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos）. The expression of proteins related to the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway， such as B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， cytochrome C （Cyt C）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease （Caspase）-9， Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-9， and cleaved Caspase-3 was detected by Western blot. The mRNA levels of Bcl-2， Bax， Cyt C， Caspase-9， and Caspase-3 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the blank group， YYFZBJ （8， 10， 12， 14， 16 g·L-1） significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells in vitro （P<0.05） in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the blank group， the medium- and high-dose YYFZBJ groups and the capecitabine group showed increased apoptosis rates of colon cancer cells （P<0.05）. The YYFZBJ groups and the capecitabine group showed reduced number of colon cancer cells with significantly changed cellular morphology and cell apoptosis manifestations， such as strong dark blue fluorescence， nucleus concentration， shrinkage， and fragmentation. With the increase in the mass concentration of YYFZBJ， the blue fluorescence intensity was significantly enhanced. Compared with the blank group， the YYFZBJ groups and the capecitabine group showed reduced MMP in a dose-dependent manner， decreased protein and mRNA levels of Bcl-2， and increased protein expression of Bax， Cyt C， Caspase-9， Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-9， and cleaved Caspase-3 and mRNA expression of Bax， Cyt C， Caspase-9， and Caspase-3 （P<0.05）. ConclusionYYFZBJ can induce the apoptosis of colon cancer HCT116 cells through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness， safety and economy of baloxavir marboxil in the treatment of influenza， and to provide evidence-based reference for the introduction of new drugs in hospitals and clinical medication decisions. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， Cochrane Library， Epistemonikos， CBM， CNKI， VIP， Wanfang database， official websites and relevant databases of health technology assessment （HTA） institutions， the results of the included studies were descriptively analyzed after literature screening， data extraction and quality evaluation. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included， involving 6 systematic reviews/meta-analyses and 5 pharmacoeconomic studies. Compared with placebo， baloxavir marboxil significantly shortened the time to alleviation of symptoms （TTAS） and time to resolution of fever （TTRF）， reduced the virus titer change from baseline at 24 h and 48 h after treatment and the incidence of bronchitis， with statistical significance （P＜ 0.05）. Compared with neuraminidase inhibitors （NAIs）， there were no significant differences in shortening TTRF and reducing the incidence of complications， pneumonia and bronchitis （P＞0.05）. The majority of studies suggested that there were no significant differences in shortening TTAS （P＞0.05）. Only very low-quality literature suggested that baloxavir marboxil could significantly reduce the virus titer change from baseline at 24 h and 48 h after treatment. In terms of safety， the incidences of adverse events （AEs） and drug-related adverse events （DRAEs） induced by baloxavir marboxil showed no significant differences， compared with peramivir and zanamivir （P＞0.05）. Some studies considered that the incidences of AEs and DRAEs with baloxavir marboxil were lower than placebo， oseltamivir and laninamivir. Compared with oseltamivir in China and laninamivir in Japan， baloxavir marboxil showed cost-effectiveness advantages. CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo， baloxavir marboxil has good efficacy， safety and economy. Compared with NAIs （oseltamivir）， baloxavir marboxil has good economic advantages in China， but further high-quality studies are still needed regarding its safety and efficacy.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with ccRCC.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 242 patients with ccRCC who were diagnosed and treated surgically from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The cancerous tissues and paracancerous tissues (2 cm away from the edge of cancerous tissues) of patients were collected. The expression of FGL1 protein was detected by using immunohistochemistry, and the relative expression level of FGL1 mRNA was detected by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cox proportional risk model was used to make univariate and multivariate analysis of the influencing factors of progression-free survival (PFS).Results:The positive rate of FGL1 protein in ccRCC tissues was higher than that in paracancerous tissues [28.5% (69/242) vs. 2.1% (5/242)], and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 65.34, P < 0.001); the relative expression level of FGL1 mRNA in ccRCC tissues was higher than that in paracancerous tissues (1.67±0.12 vs. 0.60±0.15), and the difference was statistically significant ( t = 25.33, P < 0.001). The expression of FGL1 was positively correlated with pathological staging ( r = 0.164, P = 0.011), renal vascular tumor thrombus ( r = 0.130, P = 0.043), regional lymph node metastasis ( r = 0.153, P = 0.018), and distant metastasis ( r = 0.160, P = 0.012). Univariate analysis showed that the tumor diameter, regional lymph nodes metastasis, pathological staging, distant metastasis, and FGL1 expression were factors influencing the PFS of ccRCC patients (all P < 0.05). Multivariate regression results showed that high expression of FGL1 ( HR = 11.679, 95% CI 7.432-15.673, P = 0.015), pathological staging of Ⅲ-Ⅳ ( HR = 13.654, 95% CI 8.765-18.761, P = 0.013), and distant metastasis ( HR = 11.387, 95% CI 7.662-14.831, P = 0.038) were independent risk factors for PFS in patients. Conclusions:FGL1 is highly expressed in ccRCC, which is correlated with pathological staging, renal vascular tumor thrombus, regional lymph nodes metastasis, and distant metastasis. The high expression of FGL1 is a risk factor affecting the prognosis of patients with ccRCC.
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Objective:To explore a simple and effective method to improve the facial shape coordination for patients.Methods:From May 2015 to May 2020, 36 female patients (aged 24-32 years, mean 26.8 years) who were required to change face shape were enrolled in Zhengzhou Mylike Medical Cosmetology Hospital to improve face shape by adjusting frontaI arch width combined with autologous high-density fat transplantation.Results:Thirty-three patients (91.7%) were satisfied (31 satisfied, 2 basically satisfied). Three patients were not satisfied with the filling effect, and two of them were satisfied after the second filling (3 months after operation). 35 of the 36 patients were satisfied, accounting for 97.2%, only 1 case was dissatisfied. No other compIications such as fat liquefaction were observed. The mean morphological surface index of patients was 90.2 before operation and 88.1 after operation, showing significant improvement.Conclusions:Autologous high density fat transplantation is a good method to adjust the coordination of the frontal arch.
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Objective:To analyze the practice of technology transfer and innovation in public hospitals base on intrapreneurship perspective, explain the foundation of intrapreneurship and put forward the frame for measuring the intrapreneurship practice.Methods:Induction method was introduced to summarize the bottleneck in technology transfer and innovation and the basis of intrapreneurship in public hospitals. Documentary study was introduced to summarize the definition of intrapreneurship in public hospitals context, the difference among related definitions were compared and a frame for measurement was preliminarily established.Results:The Constraints for public hospitals in technology transfer and innovation are the restriction from patents and papers to primary products and the restriction in hospital management. Thereupon, traditional innovation theory couldn not explain the future development of public hospitals. The evolution from innovation to intrapreneurship is deeply needed. Extended services, development of technology, upgrade of process and organized research could be employed to measure the intrapreneurship of public hospitals.Conclusions:As active innovators, not passive recipient, physicians can utilize resources of hospitals to minimize risk of innovation to enhance capability against inner and outer change. Intrapreneurship can be employed to explain this kind of practice. Innovation is based on creation of knowledge and technology, Intrapreneurship on the other hand is featured creating value for organization and personnel. Intrapreneurship is different from innovation theoretically. The research on intrapreneurship would enrich the understanding of high-quality development of public hospital. Intrapreneurship is the evolution of public hospitals in the chain of technology transfer.
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Objective:To identify the risk factors of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in critically ill lung surgery patients and establish a nomogram.Methods:213 critically ill lung surgery patients were collected in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021. Logistic analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of POAF. A nomogram was developed based on the verified risk factors. Results:The independent risk factors associated with POAF was mitral regurgitation ( OR=4.270, 95% CI: 1.380-13.213, P=0.012), cedilanid ( OR=14.619, 95% CI: 2.913-73.373, P=0.001), catecholamine ( OR=3.244, 95% CI: 1.144-9.203, P=0.027), pericardiotomy( OR=6.079, 95% CI: 1.362-27.128, P=0.009), systematic lymph node dissection( OR=5.460, 95% CI: 1.770-16.846, P=0.003). Nomogram model showed the ROC was 0.801(95% CI: 0.721-0.881, P<0.001). Conclusion:The risk factors of POAF in critically ill lung surgery patients are mitral regurgitation, cedilanid, catecholamine, pericardiotomy and systematic lymph node dissection. The nomogram predicted POAF better than other scoring systems.
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Objective:To analyze the relationship between mesenteric fat or creeping fat and bowel stricture or penetrating disease of Crohn's disease (CD).Methods:Clinical data of 101 CD patients undergoing bowel surgery at Department of General Surgery in our hospital between Mar 2021 and Dec 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The characteristics of mesenteric fat, creeping fat, luminal cross-section diameter, and the intestinal stricture index were analyzed. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between disease behavior and mesenteric fat score or creeping fat score.Results:Totally 101 CD patients were enrolled, with 68 stricturing diseases and 33 penetrating diseases. CD patients with stricturing diseases had higher score of mesenteric disease activity index (4.6±1.9 vs. 3.7±2.0, t=2.212, P=0.029) and creeping fat index (4.2±2.0 vs. 2.9±1.6, t=3.154, P=0.002) than those in patients with penetrating diseases. The mesenteric fat and creeping fat score positively correlated with the intestinal stricture index, C-reactive protein, and fecal calprotectin, and negatively correlated with minimum luminal cross-section diameter. Conclusion:The higher score of mesenteric fat and creeping fat were observed in CD patients with stricturing disease, which were associated with intestinal stricture index and inflammation status.